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PUBLIC RELAITONS AS A TOOL FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION.

(A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA  DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION)

 

ABSTRACT

This study deals with public relations as a tool for conflict management in the Niger Delta (A Case Study of Niger Delta Development Commission). The specific area of study is Port- Harcourt Umuahia, Owerri and Yenogoa.Some hypotheses were put up to guide during the research work.

Literature review and some reference were made to relate the contemporary conflict in the region by the researcher in chapter two of this work.

The researcher then used questionnaire oral interview and direct observation for collecting the necessary data and information required the Yaro Yamemi statistical tool was used to  determine the sample size.  The validity and reliability of instruments were shown. In chapter four, the researcher presented and analyzed the data gotten from the questionnaire by using simple tables and percentages.  Also the hypothesis put up were vividly fasted using the chi-square formular.

Finally at chapter five, findings of the study shown that ecological degradation is the major cause of the conflict in the Niger Delta and public relations plays a major role in the management of the conflict and its tools are very effective.

Some conclusions were drawn and recommendation made at last. Suggestions for further study was also given 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1     Background of study.

1.2     Statements of problem.

1. Objective of the study.
2. Research questions

1.5     Researches hypothesis 

1.6     Significance of the study

1. Scope of the study
2. Limitations of the study
3. Definitions of terms.

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

1. The concept of Niger delta
2. Contemporary conflict in the Niger delta
3. Management of the conflict in the Niger delta
4. The relationship between oil companies and the Niger delta.

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.0     Introduction to the study

1. Research design
2. Area of study
3. Population of the study
4. Sample size determination
5. Instrument for data collection
6. Validation of the instrument
7. Reliability of the instrument
8. Method of data collection
9. Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

1. Presentation & analysis of data
2. Testing of hypothesis
3. Summary of result.

 

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

1. Discussion of result finding
2. Conclusion
3. Recommendation
4. Suggestion for further study

Bibliography

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTORDUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Public relations were not generally a full-time profession until after the first world war-1914-1918. The first practitioners were the press agents of the 1900’s. During that period, public relations was not recognized as  a public relations were restricted to publicity and commercial notices (Thompson 2003:39).  A change in the traditional public relations practices came first in the united states when IVY L. Lee, a journalist was hired in 1906 as a publicity adviser to a private industrial establishment (a group of anthracite operators) for image creation improved workers attitude and improved cooperate and competitive policy formulation with the aim of achieving the organization’s goals. (Benton 1974:285)

Public relations become recognized as a management function.

The emergence of public relations as a management function led to further improvement on public relations tolls like   public opinion, publicity, advertising propaganda press release conference etc.  government agencies began to hire experienced people for publicity function in the 1920’s during that period further development of public relation’s practices was achieve public relations is the art and science of achieving harmony with the environment through mutual understanding based on truth and full information (black 1989:210).  This means that public relations is a distinctive management function which helps in establishing and maintaining mutual lines of communication, understanding acceptance and cooperation between a organization and its public.

 

As a management function, public relations play  a vital role in formulation of  competitive business  strategies such as cooperate planning research marketing information and other from of business intelligence geared towards the realization of the organizations goals. (Gruing 1994:33)

Organization public  relations management and policy formulation came after the world war 11 (1938-1945) particularly in west Europe.  After the war organized public relations penetrated into  Asia, Africa and latin America through colonialism.  The British west African public service for instance had the public relations department in 1945.(Omeokwe 1997:33)

Government public relations department performs various management functions.  These include evaluation public attitude identification and formulation of policies and procedure for community government relations planning and execution of programmes and actions to earn public understanding and acceptance and the use of information to influence public opinion.

Social responsibility was seen by the government as a unique way of promoting peace and order in communities with natural resources.  This gave rise to derivation principle after 1945.  The government also adopted to use of corporate social responsibility to enhance harmony and goodwill in communities hosting multi-national oil companies like the shell-BP (Amu 1998:12)

Over the years there have been reported cases of arms conflict, oil pipeline vandalization attack on multi national oil companies and their expatriate staff some of who are either held hostage or killed in controversial circumstance and agitation for improve standard of living of the oil producing states the Niger Delta.  The has led to  intervention by the federal government the oil producing companies international quarters and the public on ways to solving the crisis in the Niger Delta through public relations approach.

The focus of this study therefore is to investigate the role of public relations in the management of crisis in the oil producing areas of Nigeria using the Niger Delta development commission (NDDC) as a case study.

 

1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The prevalence of crisis in the Niger Delta indicates that an adequate public relations approach has not been given to the area in the management of the crisis. Corporate social responsibility and community relations are necessary elements of harmonious co-existence.  The Niger Delta constitute a unique region in the development process of Nigeria because 99 present of the oil economy are produced in the area. That not with standing, the area is characterized by pervasive poverty and environment degradation with lack of intrinsic development stagnation in agricultural productivity and other areas.

It appears that the government and the multi- national oil companies do not adequately discharge their social obligations to the Nigeria Delta.  A proper assessment not analysis of the social and economic need of the oil producing communities of the Niger Delta using public relations approach has become necessary.

Presently, the environment and ecological problems of the Niger Delta emanating from oil exploration and exploitation is enormous.  Inadequate attention to these problems by the government and the multi-national oil companies operating in the Niger Delta can cause social tensions between the local communities and oil companies on one hand and with the state and federal government on  the other.

 

The youths out of frustration and indignation takes to violent actions. This in turn lead to general deterioration of both political and social cohesion in the region.

The military adopted an adhoc measure in addressing the problems in the Niger Delta by setting up the presidential task force under general Sani Abacha regime   and later the oil mineral producing areas development commission (OMPADEC) by general Abdusalami  Abubakar.  The adhoc commission did not live up to their expectation necessitating the emergence of Niger Delta development commission (NDDC).

Since the establishment of the Niger Delta development commission in 1999,t he crisis in the Niger Delta has intensified. The Egbosu, Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP); the Warri youths movement, Dokubo militant group among others have continued to unleash violent attacks on multi- national oil companies and oil pipeline vandalisation in the Niger Delta.

The focus of this study therefore, is to investigate the role of public relations in the management of the crisis in the Niger Delta using the NDDC as a case study.

 

1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major objective of the study is to investigate the role of public relations in the management of the crisis in the Niger Delta.

 

SPECIFICALLY THE OBJECTIVES ARE

1. To asses the role of public relation in the management of the conflict in the Niger Delta region.
2. To investigate the cause of the crisis in the Niger Delta region.
3. To identify the social responsibility of the multination companies in the area.
4. To make an appraisal of public relation’s tolls used in the management of the conflict in the Niger Delta
5. To make recommendations that will bring solution to the conflict in the region